Symtops Mild AMS:

In short symptoms of mild AMS can be Headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and trouble sleeping. Mild AMS symptoms often resemble those of a severe hangover, including a pounding headache, nausea, and an overall sense of discomfort. The headache associated with AMS can be particularly intense, characterized by a relentless throbbing pain that intensifies in frequency. Common headache treatments are usually effective in alleviating this type of pain. Individuals experiencing mild AMS may also find it difficult to sleep, with any rest they do get being shallow and fragmented. Additionally, a decreased appetite is a common issue for those affected by mild AMS.

Symptoms of Moderate AMS: Moderate AMS is more concerning and demands vigilant observation to prevent it from escalating into severe AMS. With moderate AMS, nausea often results in vomiting, and the headache persists despite using pain-relief methods. Additionally, individuals with moderate AMS may experience constant shortness of breath, even when at rest. In short symptoms of moderate AMS can be Severe headache, nausea with vomiting, shortness of breath even at rest.

Symptoms of Severe AMS: (Confusion, inability to walk, fluid build-up in the lungs (HAPE) or brain (HACE), which can be life-threatening)

Severe AMS manifests as two critical conditions: HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema) and HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema), both of which are life-threatening. When faced with severe AMS, there is no question—immediate descent is essential. If a trekker shows symptoms of severe altitude sickness, swift action is crucial.

HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema) HACE is a severe form of AMS that can develop quickly, sometimes within an hour or two, making the progression from AMS less noticeable. Symptoms of AMS typically worsen, leading to HACE. The key difference is that HACE involves impaired brain function, resulting in poor coordination and balance (ataxia), as well as altered consciousness levels.

Testing for HACE: To check for ataxia, draw a 10-meter line on the ground and have the individual walk along it, placing the heel of one foot directly in front of the toes of the other. Do not assist them, but be ready to catch them if necessary. Difficulty in completing this test suggests ataxia, and an immediate descent is required. Even if the individual resists or refuses, assume HACE is present and act accordingly.

Other Symptoms of HACE: Symptoms include a severe headache unresponsive to typical pain relief, impaired coordination (such as difficulty with tasks like tying shoelaces or packing), and a declining level of consciousness. The individual may exhibit personality changes, including confusion, irritability, and poor decision-making. As HACE progresses, the person may become drowsy, semi-conscious, or even unconscious.

HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema) HAPE involves fluid accumulation in the lungs, with breathlessness being a primary indicator. It is more common in individuals with chest infections or in very cold weather and can be mistaken for bronchitis, pneumonia, or asthma. HAPE might develop independently or alongside AMS or HACE, sometimes appearing rapidly (within 1 to 2 hours) or gradually over several days. It often manifests during or after the second night at a new altitude or while descending.

Symptoms of HAPE: Initial signs include decreased physical performance, fatigue, and possibly a dry cough. As HAPE progresses, breathlessness occurs with minimal exertion and eventually at rest, requiring the individual to sit up or be propped up. Severe cases may lead to a persistent dry cough producing clear, pink, or bloody phlegm, and a gurgling sound in the lungs when breathing deeply. Cyanosis (blue discoloration of lips, tongue, or nails) due to low oxygen levels, mild fever, chills, chest pain, or upper abdominal discomfort may also be present. In advanced stages, symptoms include mental confusion, slurred speech, and difficulty staying awake.